Efeitos da alteração do hábitat na dinâmica reprodutiva de Phyllomedusa tarsius (Amphibia-Anura) na Amazônia Central

O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de determinar como a mudança na paisagem e o uso intensivo da terra podem afetar a dinâmica populacional de Phyllomedusa tarsius (Anura-Hylidae), uma espécie arborícola da Amazônia Central. Este estudo foi realizado em poças de cinco hábitats: pastagem, capoeira de de Cecropia, capoeira de Vismia, fragmentos florestais e floresta contínua. Determinei as taxas de eclosão dos ovos, a freqüência de metamorfos, a quantidade de reprodutores e a movimentação entre poças nos cinco hábitats. As mudanças na paisagem resultaram em um gradiente de poças temporárias a permanentes, com diferentes predadores. Phyllomedusa tarsius usou todos os hábitats, mas teve maior sucesso reprodutivo na floresta e na capoeira de Cecropia. A movimentação foi estudada somente com machos e foi maior entre poças dos hábitats alterados; nenhuma movimentação foi observada entre as poças da floresta e dos hábitats alterados. O sucesso reprodutivo e o padrão de movimentação indicam que os indivíduos que usam poças na área alterada não dependem ou dependem muito pouco das subpopulações da floresta contínua, e sua continuidade está mais relacionada a condições locais para reproduzir do que da chegada de indivíduos da floresta primária. Estas poças parecem funcionar como uma única unidade que serve de local de reprodução, alimentação e refúgio para P. tarsius. O uso de poças da área alterada pode ter importante implicação para conservação de espécies que passam parte de sua de sua vida nestes sistemas aquáticos, porque demonstra que a conexão de populações não deve ser restrita a corredores, mas também devem levar em consideração as relações entre as espécies e da capacidade em usar o espaço disponível em uma paisagem alterada

Habitat amount and ambient temperature dictate patterns of anuran diversity along a subtropical elevational gradient

Aim: Patterns of diversity along elevational gradients are driven by species characteristics but remain poorly understood. Filling this gap is imperative given the deteriorating conservation status of anurans worldwide. Here, we examine frog diversity and species composition along a sharp subtropical elevational gradient and assess the degree to which these are determined by environmental and spatial predictors. Location: An extensive southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest elevational gradient ranging from 300 to 1,800 m above sea level. Methods: We sampled 38 ponds and used structural equation modelling to examine the direct and indirect effects of area, climate, habitat amount, habitat complexity and productivity on frog species richness and abundance. We also applied joint species distribution models to investigate the importance of these predictors on frog species composition using species distribution and co-occurrence along the elevational gradient. Results: We recorded 12,636 individuals of 41 frog species. Frog species richness was highest at intermediate elevations, showing a hump-shaped pattern. Frog abundance was highest at lowlands and decreased towards higher elevations. We found support for only the habitat amount hypothesis in explaining overall species richness. Although temperature had a positive influence on productivity and frog abundance, neither predictors were related to species richness. Species composition diverged markedly between lowland and highland frog assemblages, which was mainly attributed to differences in ambient temperature. Main conclusion: Elevations containing more extensive natural habitat areas retained the most species-rich frog assemblages. The mid-elevational peak is likely attributed to lowland habitat (1,400 masl). The entire elevational gradient is, however, critical in maintaining anuran species diversity as lowland assemblages are distinct from those at mid- to high elevations. Our study also shows that anthropogenic habitat loss has a decisive effect on montane frog diversity, reinforcing the need to effectively protect these areas

Habitat amount and ambient temperature dictate patterns of anuran diversity along a subtropical elevational gradient

Este artigo apresenta o padrão de diversidade de anfíbios em lagoas ao longo de um gradiente elevacional na Serra de Santa Catarina. Esta pesquisa é parte da tese de doutorado do aluno Vitor de Carvalho Rocha, desenvolvida no âmbito do projeto PELD-BISC.Aim: Patterns of diversity along elevational gradients are driven by species characteristics but remain poorly understood. Filling this gap is imperative given the deteriorating conservation status of anurans worldwide. Here, we examine frog diversity and species composition along a sharp subtropical elevational gradient and assess the degree to which these are determined by environmental and spatial predictors. Location: An extensive southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest elevational gradient ranging from 300 to 1,800 m above sea level. Methods: We sampled 38 ponds and used structural equation modelling to examine the direct and indirect effects of area, climate, habitat amount, habitat complexity and productivity on frog species richness and abundance. We also applied joint species distribution models to investigate the importance of these predictors on frog species composition using species distribution and co-occurrence along the elevational gradient. Results: We recorded 12,636 individuals of 41 frog species. Frog species richness was highest at intermediate elevations, showing a hump-shaped pattern. Frog abundance was highest at lowlands and decreased towards higher elevations. We found support for only the habitat amount hypothesis in explaining overall species richness. Although temperature had a positive influence on productivity and frog abundance, neither predictors were related to species richness. Species composition diverged markedly between lowland and highland frog assemblages, which was mainly attributed to differences in ambient temperature. Main conclusion: Elevations containing more extensive natural habitat areas retained the most species-rich frog assemblages. The mid-elevational peak is likely attributed to lowland habitat (<800 masl) heterogeneity and extreme climatic conditions in highland areas (>1,400 masl). The entire elevational gradient is, however, critical in maintaining anuran species diversity as lowland assemblages are distinct from those at mid- to high elevations. Our study also shows that anthropogenic habitat loss has a decisive effect on montane frog diversity, reinforcing the need to effectively protect these areas.Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) Atlantic Forest Network (CNPq no 457451/2012-9) and PELD/BISC/ FAPESC (CNPq/CAPES/FAPs/BC-Fundo Newton no 15/2016 and FAPESC/2018TR0928

APLICAÇÃO DE DESCRITORES DE HETEROGENEIDADE AMBIENTAL NA SELEÇÃO DE ÁREAS PARA SISTEMAS DE PARCELAS AMOSTRAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO PARA A DETERMINAÇÃO DE HOTSPOTS POTENCIAIS DE BIODIVERSIDADE

Estudos de longo prazo em biodiversidade vêm sendo instituídos em muitos países. No Brasil, destaca-se o Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio) e seu método de amostragem para pesquisa de longo prazo (RAPELD). Para definir a localiza ção geográfica dos sistemas de parcelas amostrais (grades ou módulos de pesquisa) deve-se considerar a heterogeneidade ambiental e a infraestrutura de acesso. Neste artigo, foi feita uma caracterização da heterogeneidade ambiental do Parque Nacional de São Joaquim e seu entorno e uma avaliação da sua infraestrutura de acesso para auxiliar na localização dos módulos de pesquisa. Para identificar e selecionar as variáveis que melhor explicaram a heterogeneidade ambiental, foram utilizados dados de sensoriamento remoto e aplicadas técnicas de estatística descritiva e multivariada. A seleção das variáveis foi feita através de uma análise de componentes principais (ACP) e com as variáveis selecionadas foi feita uma análise de agrupamento para gerar o mapa de heterogeneidade ambiental. Entre as 21 variáveis analisadas, as que melhor explicaram a heterogeneidade ambiental foram altitude, índice de rugosidade do terreno, declividade, horas de sol, curvatura e índice de posição topográfica. A área de estudo foi mapeada em cinco classes de heterogeneidade ambiental: vales ou planícies de baixa altitude; cumes e encostas de baixa altitude; vales ou planícies de altitude; escarpas; cumes e encostas de altitude. Foram identificadas quatro áreas potenciais para implantar os módulos de pesquis

A new “Bat-Voiced” species of Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura, Hylidae) from the Amazon Basin, Brazil

We describe Dendropsophus ozzyi sp. nov., a new species of treefrog, tentatively included in the Dendropsophus microcephalus Group and most notably diagnosed by the presence of pointed fingers and an advertisement call with a very high dominant frequency. The new species is known from three localities in the Brazilian Amazon forest, two on western State of Pará and one (the type locality) in eastern State of Amazonas (03°56’50”S and 58°26’36”W, 45 m a.s.l.).Fil: Orrico, Victor G. D.. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Peloso, Pedro L. V.. American Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; BrasilFil: Sturaro, Marcelo J.. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Brasil. Universidade Federal Do Pará; BrasilFil: Silva Filho, Heriberto F. Da. Universidade Federal Do Pará; BrasilFil: Neckel Oliveira, Selvino. Universidade Federal Da Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Gordo, Marcelo. Universidade Federal do Amazonas; BrasilFil: Faivovich, Julián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Haddad, Celio F. B.. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

AnuraSet: A dataset for benchmarking Neotropical anuran calls identification in passive acoustic monitoring

Global change is predicted to induce shifts in anuran acoustic behavior, which can be studied through passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Understanding changes in calling behavior requires the identification of anuran species, which is challenging due to the particular characteristics of neotropical soundscapes. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale multi-species dataset of anuran amphibians calls recorded by PAM, that comprises 27 hours of expert annotations for 42 different species from two Brazilian biomes. We provide open access to the dataset, including the raw recordings, experimental setup code, and a benchmark with a baseline model of the fine-grained categorization problem. Additionally, we highlight the challenges of the dataset to encourage machine learning researchers to solve the problem of anuran call identification towards conservation policy. All our experiments and resources can be found on our GitHub repository https://github.com/soundclim/anuraset

Répteis da Ilha de Santa Catarina

Guia fotográficoNeste guia fotográfico apresentamos as 43 espécies de lagartos, serpentes, anfisbaenias e tarturugas registradas na Ilha de Santa Catarina, região insular do município de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Além do nome cientifico, incluimos o nome popular, status de conservação e para as serpentes, destacamos aquelas que podem oferecer riscos de acidente.FAPES

Effects of Brazil's political crisis on the science needed for biodiversity conservation

The effects of Brazil’s political crisis on science funding necessary for biodiversity conservation are likely to be global. Brazil is not only the world’s most biodiverse nation, it is responsible for the greater part of the Amazon forest, which regulates the climate and provides rain to much of southern South America. Brazil was a world leader in satellite monitoring of land-use change, in-situ biodiversity monitoring, reduction in tropical-forest deforestation, protection of indigenous lands, and a model for other developing nations. Coordinated public responses will be necessary to prevent special-interest groups from using the political crisis to weaken science funding, environmental legislation and law enforcement. Keywords: Brazil, biodiversity, climate change, governance, fundin

Effects of landscape change on clutches of Phyllomedusa tarsius, a neotropical treefrog

Phyllomedusa tarsius is an arboreal frog species that suspends its eggs on leaves above water in order to achieve the high relative humidity necessary for embryo development. I compared the hatching success of P. tarsius in ponds located in pasture, Vismia spp. regrowth, Cecropia spp. regrowth, forest fragments and continuous forest at a site in central Amazônia. Reproductive success of P. tarsius is measured as percentage of clutches producing at least one tadpole and number of tadpoles produced per clutch. Reproductive success was higher in Cecropia regrowth, forest fragments and continuous forest, compared to pasture and Vismia regrowth. Desiccation and flooding were the main causes of clutch loss in pasture and Vismia regrowth, while predation was more frequent in forest and Cecropia regrowth. The levels of successful of P. tarsius clutches observed across all habitat types suggests that a landscape mosaic including pasture, secondary growth and forest fragments may allow for recolonization and genetic exchange to occur in isolated forest patches. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved